Infectious diseases are caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These illnesses can spread through direct contact, contaminated food and water, insect bites, or airborne transmission. Common infectious diseases include the flu, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and malaria. Some infections are mild, while others can lead to severe complications or become life-threatening if not treated properly.

Prevention is key to controlling infectious diseases. Vaccinations, good hygiene, safe food handling, and avoiding contact with infected individuals help reduce the risk. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical treatment, including antibiotics or antiviral medications, are crucial for managing and recovering from infections.